Many species of fungi grow at the Quogue Wildlife Refuge. One of the most striking is the barometer earthstar (Genus Astraeus) which can be seen along our sandy trails. This special fungi resembles a puffball mushroom resting on triangular star shaped rays that are darker brown than the spore sac. Be on the lookout as it is only about 2 inches wide and usually grows near oak and pine trees.
Unlike other mushrooms, the earthstar doesn’t always appear to be emerging from the soil. Only the young fruiting bodies of the earthstar will be connected to the underground root-like structure called the mycelium. Mycelium is made up of thin filamentous branch-like structures called hyphae. This is the main portion of the fungi, and what we see above ground is the fruiting body (the visible mushroom is a small portion of the whole structure). Some hyphae attach to plant roots and help decompose complex organic compounds into usable food for plants. Therefore, seeing mushrooms can be an indication of healthy soil!
The barometer earthstar reacts to humidity in its environment. It waits for a raindrop to hit the spore sac in order to disperse the spores. When it starts to rain, the rays push the spore sac into the sky. Even this small elevation helps the fungi disperse spores that will be released when a raindrop and wind hit the spore sac. When the ground or air are dry, the rays curl around the spore sac to protect it. Sometimes, the rays will disconnect the fungi from the mycelium, so it appears to be untethered altogether.
A barometer earthstar can remain intact for several years, even when disconnected from the mycelium. Once all the spores are distributed though, the puffball portion will disappear and only the rays will remain. For the preservation of our habitats, QWR and many other preserves prohibit the collecting of plants, animals, and fungi. Take a close look for these little stars on the edge of the trails!
by Cara Fernandes